file - Determine the file type.
ldd - Print the shared object dependencies.
ltrace - Prints all functions called at runtime by the library.
hexdump - Print file contents in ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal or octal.
strings - Print the strings of printable characters in files.
readelf - Display information about ELF (Executable and Linkable File format), used when file command interprets file as ELF
objdump - Prints assembly instructions of file.
nm - Prints information about variables and functions from the binary. Useful when don't have access to source code.
gdb